Green Tea Extract and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the Major Tea Catechin, Exert Oxidant but Lack Antioxidant Activites, Elbling, Weiss, Teufelhofer, et al., FASEB J. 2005; 19 (7): 807-809.

GREEN TEA EGCG Green Tea Monograph, McKenna, Hughes & Jones, Alt. Ther. May 2000; Vol. 6, No. 3: 61-84. Green Tea Extract and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the Major Tea Catechin, Exert Oxidant but Lack Antioxidant Activites, Elbling, Weiss, Teufelhofer, et al., FASEB J. 2005; 19 (7): 807-809. Prospective Cohort Study of Green Tea Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women, Yang, Shu, Li. Et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007; 16 (6): 1219-1223. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extract Does Not Alter Cytochrome P450 3A4 or 2D6 Activity in Healthy Volunteers, Donovan, Chavin & Devane  Drug. Metab. Dispos. 2004; 32: 906-908. Efficacies of Tea Components on Doxorubicin-induced Anti-tumor Activity and Reversal of Multi-drug  Resistance, Sadzuka, Sugiyama & Sonobe, Toxicol. Letters 2000; 114: 155-162. Green Tea Inhibits VEGF Induction in Human Breast Cancer Cells, Sartippour, Shao, Heber, et al, J. Nutr. 2002; 132: 2307-2311. The Effects of Green Tea Consumption on Incidence of Breast Cancer and Recurrence of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Seely, Mills, Wu P, et al.,  Integr. Cancer Ther. 2005; 4 (2): 144-155. Green Tea Catechins Inhibit VEGF-induced Angiogenesis in vitro Through Suppression of VE-Cadherin Phosphorylation & Inactivation of Akt Molecule,  Tang, Nguyen & Meydani, Int. J. Cancer 2003; 106: 871-878. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signalling Pathway. Evidence for Direct Inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT Kinases, Sah, Balasubramanian, Eckert & Rorke, J. Biol. Chem. 2004; 279 (13): 12755 – 12762. Green Tea Appears to Protect Against Breast Cancer, Wu, Int. J. Cancer 2003; 106: 574-579. Green Tea Component Destroys Leukemia Cells, Kay, Blood Mar.2, 2004 On-line edition. Green Tea Catechins Containing a Galloyl Group in the 3' Position Inhibit Tissue Factor-Induced Thrombin Generation, Stampfuss, Schror & Weber, Thromb. Haemost. 2005; 93 (6): 1200-1201. Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Platelet Signalling Pathways Triggered by Both Proteolytic and Non-proteolytic Agonists, Deana, Turetta, Donella-Deana, et al., Thromb Haemost. 2003; 89 (5): 866-874. Tea Polyphenols, Their Biological Effects and Potential Molecular Targets, Chen, Milacic, Chen, et al., Histol. Histopathol. 2008; 23 (4): 487-496. Antioxidant Activity of Tea Polyphenols in vivo: Evidence form Animal Studies, Frei & Higdon, J. Nutr. 2003; 133 (10): 3275S-3284S. Clinical Effects of Oral Green Tea Extracts in Four Patients with Low Grade B-cell Malignancies, Shanafelt, Lee, Call, et al., Leuk. Res. 2006; 30: 707-712. Green Tea Polyphenols and Cancer Chemoprevention: Multiple Mechanisms and Endpoints for Phase II Trials,  Moyers & Kumar,  Nutr. Rev.  2004; Vol. 62 No. 5: 204-211. Pigments in Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) Suppress Transformation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Induced by Dioxin, Fukada, Sakane, Yabushita, et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004; 52 (9): 2499-2506. Clinical Effects of Oral Green Tea Extracts in Four Patients with Low Grade B-cell Malignancies, Shanafelt, Lee, Call, et al., Leuk. Res. 2006; 30 (6): 707-712. Anti-oxidants from Green Tea and Pomegranate for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer, Adhami and Mukhtar, Biotechnol. 2007; 37 (1): 52-57. Inhibition of Aromatase Activity by Green Tea Extract Catechins and Their Endocrinological Effects of Oral Administration in Rats, Satoh, Sakamoto, Ogata, et al., Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002; 40 (7): 925-933. Structure-Activity Relationships for Inhibition of Human 5-alpha-reductases by Polyphenols, Hiipkka, Zhang, Dai, et al., Biochem. Pharmacol. 2002; 63 (6): 1165-1176.  Selective Inhibition of Steroid 5-alpha-reductase Isozymes by Tea Epicatechin-3-gallate and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Liao & Hipakka, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.  1995; 214 (3): 833-838. The Antifolate Activity of Tea Catechins, Navarro-peran, Cabezas-Herrera, Garcia-Canovas, et al., Cancer Res.  2005; 65 (6): 2059-2064. Effects of Aqueous Green Tea Extract on Activities of DNA Turn-over Enzymes n Cancerous and Non-cancerous Human Gastric and Colon Tissues, Ergruder, Namusui, Sozener, et al., Altern. Ther. Health Med.  2008; 14 (3): 30-33. Interactions Affecting the Bioavailability of Dietary Polyphenols in vivo, Scholz & Williamson, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2007; 77 (3): 224-235. Green Tea Extracts for the Prevention of Metachronous Colorectal Adenomas: A Pilot Study, Shimizu, Fukutomi, et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17 (11): 3020-3025. Essential Role of Caspases in Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated Inhibition of Nuclear Factor kappa B and Induction of Apoptosis, Gupta, et al., Oncogene 2004; 23 (14): 2507-2522. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a Potent Natural Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Synthase in Intact Cells and Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells, Brusselmans, De Schrijver, Heyns, et al., Int. J. Cancer 2003; 106 (6): 856-862.   Prostate Carcinoma and Green Tea: PSA-triggered Basement Membrane Degradation and MMP-2 Activation are Inhibited by (-) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Pezzato, Sartor, Dell’Aica, et al., Int. J. Cancer 2004; 112 (5): 787-792. EGCG Inhibits Activation of HER3 and Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Human Colon Cancer Cells, Shimizu, Deguchi , Joe, et al., J. Exp. Ther. Oncol. 2005; 5 (1): 69-78. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Activation of HER-2/neu and Downstream Signaling Pathways in Human Head and Neck and Breast Carcinoma Cells, Masuda, Suzui, Lim & Weinstein, Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9 (9): 3486-3491. Role of p53 and NF-kappaB in Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced Apoptosis of LNCaP Cells, Hastak, Gupta, Ahmad, et al., Oncogene 2003; 22 (31): 4851-4859. Green Tea Constituent (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Hep G2 Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis Through p53-dependent and Fas-mediated Pathways, Kuo & Lin, J. Biomed. Sci. 2003;10 (2): 219-227. Combined Effect of Green Tea and Ganoderma lucidum on Invasive Behaviour of Breast Cancer Cells, Thyagarajan, Zhu & Sliva, Int. J. Oncol. 2007; 30 (4): 963-969. The Tea Polyphenol, (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Effects on Growth, Apoptosis, and Telomerase Activity in Cervical Cell Lines, Yokoyama, Noguchi, Nakao, et al., Gynecol. Oncol. 2004; 92 (1): 197-204. EGCG Down-regulates Telomerase in Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 Cells, Leading to Suppression of Cell Viability and Induction of Apoptosis, Mittal, Pate, Wylie, et al., Int. J. Oncol. 2004; 24 (3): 703-710. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer Metastasis: Molecular Targets for Prostate Cancer Prevention by Green Tea Polyphenols and Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins, Katiyar, Endocr. Metabol. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2006; 6 (1): 17-24. Anti-cancer Activity of Grape and Grape Skin Extracts Alone and Combined with Green Tea Infusions, Morré & Morré, Cancer Lett. 2006; 238 (2): 202-209. Green Tea Polyphenol Causes Differential Oxidative Environments in Tumor versus Normal Epithelial Cells,Yamamoto, Hsu, Lewis, et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003; 307 (1): 230-236.\ EGCG Inhibits Growth, Invasion, Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer, Shankar, Ganapathy, Hingorani & Srivastava, Front. Biosci. 2008; 13: 440-452. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Membrane-type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase, MT1-MMP, and Tumor Angiogenesis, Yamakawa, Asai, Uchida, et al., Cancer Lett. 2004; 210 (1): 47-55. Dietary Intakes of Mushrooms and Green Tea Combine to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer in Chinese Women, Zhng, Huang, Xie & Holman, Int. J. Cancer  2009; 1246: 1404-1408. Phase II Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Extract in Patients with High-Risk Oral Premalignant Lesions, Tsao, Liu, Martin, et al. Cancer Prev Res  2009; 2 (11): 931-941. Natural Compounds with Proteasome Inhibitory Activity for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Yang, Landis-Piwowar, Chen, et al., Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 2008; 9 (3): 227-239. Phase II Trial of Daily, Oral Green Tea Extract in Patients with Asymptomatic, Rai Stage 0-II Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL),  Shanafelt, Call, Zent, et al., J. Clin. Oncol. 2010; 28 (Suppl.): S7. Abstract 6522 ASCO 2010.  Green Tea Catechin Controls Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells by Attenuation of H2O2-Stimulated Cox-2 Expression via the AMPK Signaling Pathway at Low–Dose H2O2, Park, Lee, Hwang, et al., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2009;1171: 538-544. 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INDOLE-3-CARBINOL Indole-3-Carbinol – Monograph, Alt. Med. Rev. 2005; Vol. 10 No. 4: 337-342. Molecular Targets and Anticancer Potential of Indole-3-Carbinol and Its Derivatives, Aggarwal & Ichikawa, Cell Cycle 2005; 4 (9): 1201-1215. Changes in Levels of Urinary Estrogen Metabolite After Oral Indole-3-Carbinol Treatment in Humans, Michnovicz, Adlercreutz & Bradlow, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1997; 89 (10): 718-723. Indole-3-Carbinol and Tamoxifen Cooperate to Arrest the Cell Cycle of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells, Cover, Hsieh, Cram, et al., Cancer Res. 1999; 59 (6):1244-1251. Indole-3-Carbinol and Prostate Cancer, Sarkar,  J. Nutr. 2004; 134 (12 Suppl): 3493S-3498S. Indole-3-Carbinol as a Chemopreventive and Anti-cancer Agent, Weng, Tsai, Kulp & Chen, Cancer Lett. 2008; 262 (2): 153-163. Multiple Molecular Targets of Indole-3-Carbinol, a Chemopreventative Anti-Estrogen in Breast Cancer, Ashtok, Chen, Garikapaty, et. al., Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2002;  Suppl. 2: 86-93. Placebo-controlled Trial of Indole-3-Carbinol in the Treatment of CIN, Bell, Crowley-Nowick, Bradlow, et al., Gynecol. Oncol., 2000 Aug.; 78(2): 123-129. Indole-3-Carbinol and 3’-3’-Diindolylmethane Antiproliferative Signaling Pathways Control Cell-cycle Gene Transcription in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating Promoter-Sp1 Transcription Factor Interactions, Firestone & Bjeldanes, J. Nutr. 2003; 133: 2448S-2455S. Indole-3-carbinol Activates the ATM Signaling Pathway Independent of DNA Damage to Stabilize p53 and Induce G1 Arrest of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells.  Brew, Aronchik, Sheen, et al., Int. J. Cancer 2006 Feb 15; 118(4): 857-868. BRCA1 and BRCA2 as Molecular Targets for Phytochemicals Indole-3-carbinol and Genistein in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells.  Fan,  Meng, Auborn, et al.,  Br. J. Cancer 2006 Feb 13; 94(3): 407-426. Gene Expression Profiling Revealed Survivin as a Target of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane-Induced Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells.  Rahman, Li,  Wang, et al., Cancer Res. 2006 ; 66 (9): 4952-4960. Indole-3-Carbinol  (I3C) Inhibits Cyclin-dependent Kinase-2 Function in Human Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the Size Distribution, Associated Cyclin E Forms, and Subcellular Localization of the CDK2 Protein Complex.  Garcia, Brar, Nguyen, et al.,  J.  Biol. Chem.  2005;  280, (10): 8756-8764. Synthetic Dimer of Indole-3-Carbinol: Second Generation Diet Derived Anti-Cancer Agent in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer.  Garikapaty, Ashok, Tadi, et al.,  Prostate 2006 Apr 1; 66(5): 453-462. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) Induces Apoptosis in Tumorigenic but Not in Non-tumorigenic Breast Epithelial Cells, Rahman, Aranha, & Sarkar, Nutr. Cancer 2003; 45 (1): 101-112. Translocation of Bax to Mitochondria Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) Treated Breast Cancer Cells, Rahman, Aranha, Glazyrin, et al, Oncogene 2000; 19 (50): 5764-5771. Indole-3-Carbinol Enhances Ultraviolet-B-induced Apoptosis by Sensitizing Human Melanoma Cells, Kim, Jeong, Moon, et al., Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2006; 63 (22): 2661-2668. 3,3’-Diindolylmethane is a Novel Mitochondrial H(+)-ATP Synthase Inhibitor That Can Induce p21(Cip1/Waf1) Expression by Induction of Oxidative Stress in Human Breast Cancer Cells, Gong, Sohn, Xue, et al., Cancer Res. 2006; 66 (9): 4880-4887. Apoptosis-inducing Effect of Erlotinib is Potentiated by 3,3’-Diindolylmethane in vitro and in vivo Using an Orthoptic Model of Pancreatic Cancer,  Ali, Banerjee, Ahmad, et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 2008; 7 (6): 1708-1719. Indole-3-Carbinol and Prostate Cancer, Sarkhar & Li, J. Nutr. 2004; 134 (12Suppl.): 3493S-3498S. Indole-3-Carbinol Inhibition of Androgen Receptor Expression and Down-regulation of Androgen Responsiveness in Human Prostate Cancer Cells, Hsu, Zhang, Dev, et al., Carcinogenesis 2005; Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) Induced Cell Growth Inhibition, G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells, Chinni, Li, Upadhyay, et al., Oncogene 2001; Akt Inactivation is a Key Event in Indole-3-Carbinol-Induced Apoptosis in PC-3 Cells, Chinni & Sarkhar, Clin. Cancer Res. 2002; 8 (4): 1228-1236. Anti-carcinogenic and Anti-metastatic Properties of Indole-3-Carbinol in Prostate Cancer, Garikpaty, et al., Oncol. Rep.  2005; 13 (1): 89-93. Indole-3-carbinol Induces a G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Prostate-specific Antigen Production in Human LNCaP Prostate Carcinoma Cells, Zhang, Hsu, Kinseth, et al., Cancer 2003; 98 (11): 2511-2520. Selective Growth Regulatory and Pro-apoptotic Effects of DIM is Mediated by AKT and NF-kappaB Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells, Li, Chinni & Sarkhar, Front. Biosci. 2005; 10: 236-243. Indole-3-Carbinol Prevents PTEN Loss in Cervical Cancer in vivo, Qi, Anderson, Chen, et al., Mol. Med. 2005; 11 (1-12): 59-63. BRCA1 and BRCA2 as Molecular Targets for Phytochemicals Indole-3-Carbinol and Genistein in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells, Fan, Meng, Auborn, et al., Br. J. Cancer 2006; 94 (3): 407-426. Molecular Targets and Anticancer Potential of Indole-3-Carbinol and its Derivatives. Aggarwal & Ichikawa, Cell Cycle 2005; 4 (9): 1201-1215.   Intake of Cruciferous Vegetables Modifies Bladder Cancer Survival, Tang, Zirpoli, Guru, et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2010; 19 (7): 1806-1811. A Novel Mechanism of Indole-3-Carbinol Effects on Breast Carcinogenesis Involves Induction of Cdc25A Degradation, Wu, Feng, Jin, et al., Cancer Prev. Res. 2010; 3 (7): 818-828.           Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) Induces Apoptosis in Tumorigenic But Not in Nontumorigenic Breast Epithelial Cells, Rahman, Aranha & Sarkar, Nutr. 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LOW-DOSE NALTREXONE Enhancement of Natural Cytotoxicity by Beta-Endorphin, Matthew, Froelich, Sibbitt, et al., J. Immunol. 1983; 130:1658-1662. Naltrexone Prolongs the Survival Time of Mice Treated with Neuroblastoma, Zagon & McLaughlin, Life Sci. 1981; 28: 1095-1102. Naltrexone Modulates Tumor Response in Mice with Neuroblastoma, Zagon & McLaughlin, Science 1983; 221: 671-673. Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer by Intermittent Opioid Receptor Blockade with Naltrexone, Hytrek, McLaughlin, Lang & Zagon, Cancer Letters 1996; 101 (2): 159-164. Opioid Growth Factor ([Met5]Enkephalin) Prevents the Incidence and Retards the Growth of Human Colon Cancer, Zagon, Hytrek, Lang, et al.,  Amer. J. Physiol. 1996;  271 (3 Pt 2): R780-R786. Opioid Antagonists Inhibit the Growth of Metastatic Murine Neuroblastoma, Zagon & McLaughlin, Cancer Letters  1983; 21: 89-94. Duration of Opiate Receptor Blockade Determines Tumorigenic Response in Mice with Neuroblastoma: A Role for Endogenous Opioid Systems in Cancer, Zagon & McLaughlin,  Life Sci. 1984; 35: 409-416. Opioid Antagonist Modulation of Murine Neuroblastoma: A Profile of Cell Proliferation and Opioid Peptides and Receptors, Zagon & McLaughlin, Brain Res. 1989; 480: 16-28. Opioid Growth Factor (OGF) [Metenkephalin] Inhibits Human Pancreatic Cancer Transplanted into Nude Mice, Zagon, Hytrek, Smith & McLaughlin, Cancer Letters 1997; 112 (2): 167-175. Neuro-immunotherapy of Untreatable Metastatic Solid Tumors with Subcutaneous Low-dose Interleukin-2, Melatonin and Naltrexone: Modulation of Interleukin-2-induced Anti-tumor Immunity by Blocking the Opioid System, Lissoni, Malugani, Malysheva, et al., Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2002; 23 (4): 341-344.  A New Neuro-immunotherapeutic Strategy of Subcutaneous Low-dose Interleukin-2 plus the Long-acting Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone in Metastatic Cancer Patients Progressing on Interleukin-2 Alone, Lissoni, Malugani, Bordin, et al., Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 2002; 23 (3): 255-258. Opioid Growth Factor Regulates the Cell Cycle of Human Neoplasias, Zagon, Roesener, Verderame, et al., Int. J. Oncol. 2000; 17 (5): 1053-1061. Reversal of Signs and Symptoms of a B-cell Lymphoma in a Patient Using only Low-dose Naltrexone, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2007; 6 (3): 293-296. The Long-Term Survival of a Patient with Pancreatic Cancer with Metastases to the Liver After Treatment with the Intravenous Alpha-Lipoic Acid/Low-dose Naltrexone Protocol, Berkson, Rubin & Berkson, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2006; 5 (1): 83-89. Revisiting the ALA/N (Alpha Lipoic Acid/Low Dose Naltrexone) Protocol for People with Metastasic and Non-Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer; A Report of 3 New Cases, Berkson, Rubin & Berkson, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2009; (4): 416-422. Methylnaltrexone Inhibits Opiate and VEGF-induced Angiogenesis: Role of Receptor Transactivation, Singleton, Lingen, Fekete, et al., Microvasc. Res. 2006; 72 (1-2): 3-11. Effect of Peri-Operative Opioids on Cancer Recurrence: A Hypothesis; Singleton & Moss, Future Oncol.  2010; 6 (8): 1237-1242. Attenuation of the Tumor-promoting Effect of Surgery by Spinal Blockade in Rats, Ben-Eliyahu, Bar-Yosef, et al., Anesthesiology  2001; 94: 1066–1073. Combined Spinal and General Anesthesia Attenuates Liver Metastasis by Preserving TH1/TH2 Cytokine Balance, Wada, Seki, Takahashi, et al., Anesthesiology 2007; 106: 499–506. Morphine Stimulates Angiogenesis by Activating Pro-Angiogenic and Survival-Promoting Signaling and Promotes Breast Tumor Growth, Gupta, Kshirsagar, Chang, et al., Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 4491–4498. Morphine Stimulates VEGF-like Signaling in Mouse Retinal Endothelial Cells, Chen, Farooqui & Gupta, Curr. Neurovasc. Res. 2006; 3: 171–180. Naloxone Acts as an Antagonist of Estrogen Receptor in MCF7 Cancer Cells, Farooqui, Stephenson, Geng Zhen, et al.,  Mol. Cancer Therap. 2006; 5: 611–620. Methylnaltrexone Inhibits EGF- and IGF-Induced Human Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Proliferation and Migration, Lennon, Mambetsariev, Garcia, et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 2009; 8: C78–C78. The (Mu) µ-Opioid Receptor Regulates Lewis Lung Carcinoma Tumor Growth and Metastasis, Mathew, Lennon, Siegler, et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 2009; 8: C79–79C.

MELATONIN The Therapeutic Application of Melatonin in Supportive Care and Palliative Medicine, Mahmoud, Sarhill & Mazurczak, Am. J. Hosp. Palliat. Care 2005; 22: 295-309. Melatonin – Monograph, Alt. Med. Rev. 2005; Vol. 10, No. 4: 326-336. Melatonin Provokes Cell Death in Human B-Lymphoma Cells by Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway Activation, Trubiani, Recchioni, Moroni, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2005; 39 (4): 425-431. Melatonin Induces Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cancer Cells, Garcia-Santos, Antolin, Herrara, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2006; 41 (2): 130-135. Increased Survival Time in Brain Glioblastoma by a Radio-neuro-endocrine Strategy with Radiotherapy Plus Melatonin Compared to Radiotherapy Alone, Lissoni, Meregalli, Nosetto, et al., Oncology 1996; 53: 43-46. Five-Years Survival in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy Alone or Chemotherapy with Melatonin: A Randomized Trial, Lissoni, et al., J. Pineal Res. 2003; 35 (1): 12-15. 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Neuro-immunotherapy of Untreatable Metastatic Solid Tumors with Subcutaneous Low-dose Interleukin-2, Melatonin and Naltrexone: Modulation of interleukin-2-induced Anti-tumor Immunity by Blocking the Opioid System, Lissoni, Malugani, Malysheva, et al., Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 2002; 23 (4): 341-344. Melatonin in Human Breast Cancer Tissue: Association with Nuclear Grade and Estrogen Receptor Status, Maestroni & Conti, Lab. Inv.1996; 75 (4): 557-561. Immune and Endocrine Mechanisms of Advanced Cancer-Related Hypercortisolemia,  Lissoni, Brivio, Fumagalli, et al., In Vivo 2007; 21 (4): 647-650. Melatonin Increase as Predictor for Tumor Objective Response to Chemotherapy in Advanced Cancer Patients, Lissoni, Tancini, Barni, et al., Tumori  1998; 74 (3): 339-345. Chronotherapy for Cancer, Eriguchi, Levi, Hisa, et al., Biomed. Pharmacother. 2003; 57 Suppl 1: 92s-95s. Biomodulation of Cancer Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Study of Weekly Low-dose Irinotecan Alone versus Irinotecan Plus the Oncostatic Pineal Hormone Melatonin in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Progressing on 5-fluorouracil-containing Combinations, Cerea, Vagh, Ardizzoia, et al., Anticancer Res. 2003; 23 (2C): 1951-1954. Melatonin in Clinical Oncology, Bartsch, Bartsch & Karasek, Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 2002; 23 Suppl 1: 30- Melatonin: Fifty Years of Scientific Journey from the Discovery in Bovine Pineal Gland to Delineation of Functions in Human, Chowdhury, Sengupta & Maitra, Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2008; 45 (5): 289-304. The Immune-Pineal Axis: Stress as a Modulator of Pineal Gland Function, Couto-Moraes, Palermo-Neto & Markus, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009; 1153: 193-202.  A Review of the Evidence Supporting Melatonin's Role as an Antioxidant, Reiter, Melchiorri, Sewerynek, et al., J Pineal Res. 1995; 18 (1): 1-11.     Health Disorders of Shift Workers, Knutsson, Occup Med (Lond). 2003; 53 (2): 103-108.  Night-shift Work and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study, Schernhammer, Laden, Speizer, et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2003; 95 (11): 825-828. Melatonin in the Treatment of Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis, Mills, Wu, Seely & Guyatt, J. Pineal Res. 2005; 39 (4): 360-366. Clinical Results with the Pineal Hormone Melatoninin in Advanced Cancer Resistant to Standard Antitumor Therapies, Lissoni, Barni, Meregalli, et al., Oncology 1991; 48: 448-450. 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MILK THISTLE Toward the Definition of the Mechanism of Action of Silmarin: Activites Related to Cellular Protection from Toxic Damage Induced by Chemotherapy, Comelli, Mengs, Schneider, et al., Integr. Cancer Ther. 2007; 6 (2): 120-129. Clinical Applications of Silybum Marianum in Oncology, Greenlee, Abascal, Yarnell, et al, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2007; 6 (2): 158-165. Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) is Associated with Reductions in Liver Function Tests (LFTs) in Children Undergoing Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Ladas, Cheng, Hughes, et al., Int. Conf. Soc. Integr. Oncol. 2006; abstract D045. Antiproliferative Effect of Silybin on Gynaecological Malignancies: Synergism with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, Scambia, DeVincenzo, Ranelletti, et al., Eur. J. Cancer  1996; 32 A (5): 877-882. Silybin and its Bioavailable Phospholipid Complex (IdB 1016) Potentiate in vitro and in vivo the Activity of Cisplatin, Giacomelli, Gallo, Apollonio, et al, Life Sci. 2002; 70 (12): 1447-1459. Effect of Silibinin on the Growth and Progression of Primary Lung Tumors in Mice, Singh, Deep, Chittezhath, et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2006; 98 (12): 846-855. Advances in the Use of Milk Thistle, Post-White, Ladas & Kelly, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2007; 6 (2): 104-109. A Randomized, Controlled, Double-blind, Pilot Study of Milk Thistle for the Treatment of Hepatotoxicity in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL),  Ladas, Kelly,et al., Cancer  2010; 116 (2): 506-513. Milk thistle and Indinavir: A Randomized Controlled Pharmacokinetics Study and Meta-analysis, Mills, Wilson, Clarke, et al., Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2005; 61(1): 1-7. Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) on the Pharmacokinetics of Irenotecan, van Erp, Baker, Zhao, et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2005; 11 (21): 7800-7806. Milk Thistle: Safe and Effective Around Chemotherapy? , Kerry Bone, Acupuncture Today December, 2010, Vol. 11, Issue 12. Chemotherapeutic Activity of Silymarin Combined with Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel in Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells, Colombo, Lupi, Falcetta, et al., Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2010 Apr 30. [Epub ahead of print] Silymarine During Maintenance Therapy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, Invernizzi, Bernuzzi, Ciani, et al., Haematologica 1993;78 (5): 340-341. Modulation of Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers by  Selected Commercial-Source Milk Thistle and Goldenseal Products, Budzinski, Trudeau, Drouin, et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.  2007; 85 (9): 966–978.  In Vivo Assessment of Botanical Supplementation on Human Cytochrome P450 Phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, Milk Thistle, and Saw Palmetto, Gurley, Gardner, Hubbard, et al., Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2004; 76 (5): 428-440.   Erratum in: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2005; 77 (5): 456. Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) and Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) Supplementation on Digoxin Pharmacokinetics in Humans, Fuhr, Beckmann-Knopp, Jetter, et al., Planta Med. 2007; 73 (14): 1429-1435. Effect of Continuous Silymarin Administration on Oral Talinolol Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Volunteers, Han, Guo, Chen, at al., Xenobiotica 2009; 39, (9): 694-699. Effect of Silymarin on the Pharmacokinetics of Losartan and Its Active Metabolite E-3174 in Healthy Chinese Volunteers, Han, Guo, Chen, et al., Eur. J..Clin.Pharmacol. 2009; 65 (6): 585-591. Effect of Silymarin Supplement on the Pharmacokinetics of Ornidazole in Healthy Volunteers, Repalle, Yamsani, Gannu, et al., Acta Pharma.Sci. 2009; 51 (1): 15-20. Study on the Influence of Silymarin Pretreatment on Metabolism and Disposition of Metronidazole, Rajnarayana, Reddy, Vidyasagar & Krishna Arzneim-Forsch 2004; 54:109-113. Silibinin Sensitizes Human Prostate Carcinoma DU145 Cells to Cisplatin- and Carboplatin-induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptotic Death, Dhanalakshmi, Agarwal, Glode & Agarwal, Int. J. Cancer 2003; 106 (5): 699-705.  Anti-proliferative Effect of Silybin on Gynaecological Malignancies: Synergism with Cisplatin and Doxorubicin, Scambia, De Vincenzo, Ranelletti, et al., Eur. J. Cancer Part A 1996; 32: 877-882.  Silibinin Restores Paclitaxel Sensitivity to Paclitaxel-resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells, Zhou, Liu, Chen, et al., Anticancer Res. 2008; 28 (2A): 1119-1127. Oral Silibinin Inhibits Lung Tumor Growth in Athymic Nude Mice and Forms a Novel Chemocombination with Doxorubicin Targeting Nuclear Factor kappa B-Mediated Inducible Chemoresistance, Singh, Mallikarjuna, Sharma, et al.,  Clin. Cancer Res. 2004; 10 (24): 8641-8647. Antimetastatic Efficacy of Silibinin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential Against Cancer, Deep & Agarwal, Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010; 29 (3): 447-463.

MISTLETOE LECTINS Differential Effects of Viscum album Extract Iscador Qu on Cell Cycle Progression and Apoptosis in Cancer Cells, Harmsma, Gromme, Ummelin, et. al., Int. J. Oncol. 2004; 25: 1521 – 1529. Impact of Complementary Mistletoe Extract Treatment on Quality of Life in Breast, Ovarian and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial, Piao, Wang, Xie, et al.  Anticancer Res.  2004; 34: 303-309. Use of Iscador, an Extract of European Mistletoe (Viscum album) in Cancer Treatment: Prospective Non-Randomized and Randomized Matched-Pair Studies Nested Within a Cohort Study, Grossarth-Maticek, Kiene, Baumgartner & Ziegler  Alt. Ther.  2001; Vol. 7 No. 3: 57-78. Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer with Mistletoe: Results of a Pilot Trial Friesse, et al. 1996; Anticancer Res. 16 : 915-920. Mistletoe Extract May Be Alternative Bladder Cancer Therapy, Elsaesser-Beile, et al. July 2005;  J. Urol. 174: 176-179. Final Results of the EORTC 18871 / DKG 80-1 Randomised Phase III Trial: rIFN-alpha2b vs. rIGN-gamma vs. Iscador M vs. Observation After Surgery in Melanoma Patients with Either High-risk Primary or Regional Lymph Node Metastasis, Kleeberg, Suciu, Brocker, et al., Eur. J. Cancer 2004; 40: 390-402. Safety and Efficacy of the Long-term Treatment of Primary Intermediate to High-risk Malignant Melanoma (UICC/AJCC stage II and III) with a Standardized Fermented European Mistletoe Extract: Results from a Multicenter, Comparative, Epidemiological Cohort Study in Germany and Switzerland, Augustin, Bock, Hanisch, et. al., Arzeimittelforschung, 2005; 55 (1):38-49. Anti-proliferative Effect of Iscador Against Urinary Bladder Carcinoma, Urech, et al., Anti-Cancer Res. 2006; 26: 3049-3056. Nitric-Oxide Involvement in the Anti-Tumor Effect of Mistletoe ( Viscum album L. ) Extract Iscador on Human Macrophages, Mossalayi, Alkharrat & Malvy, Arzneimittelforschung  2006; 56 (6A): 457-460. Iscador Qu Spezial Inhibits Tube Formation, Elluru, et al, Drug Res., 2006; 56: 461. Palliative In-Patient Cancer Treatment in an Anthroposophic Hospital: II. Quality of Life During and After Stationary Treatment, and  Subjective Treatment Benefits, Heusser, Braun, Burtschy et al., Forsch Komplementarmed, 2006; 13: parts I & II. Iscador in Breast Cancer (I), Leroi, Helvet Chir Acta 1977; 44. Iscador in Breast Cancer (II), Hellan, et. al., Krebs und Alternativ-Medizin II, 1990, Springer. Iscador in Breast Cancer (III), Grossarth-Maticek, et. al., Altern. Ther. Health Med., 2001; 7. Iscador in Breast Cancer (IV), Grossarth-Maticek, et. al., Altern. Ther. Health Med., 2001; 7. Iscador in Breast Cancer (V), Bock et. al., Drug Res. 2004; 58. Iscador in Cancer of Different Locations, Grossarth-Maticek, et. al., Altern. Ther. Health Med., 2001; 7: 3. Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Complementary Treatment with Standardized European Mistletoe Extract (Viscum albu. 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Immunological Effector Mechanisms of a Standardized Mistletoe Extract On the Function of Human Monocytes and Lymphocytes in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, Heinzerling, von Baehr, Liebenthal, et al., J. Clin. Immunol. 2006; 26 (4): 347-359. Anticancer Activity of a Lectin-rich Mistletoe Extract Injected Intratumorally into Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts,  Rostock, Huber, Greiner, et al., Anticancer Res  2005; 25 (3B): 1969-1975. Prospective Controlled Cohort Studies on Long-term Therapy of Breast Cancer Patients with a Mistletoe Preparation (Iscador(r), Grossarth-Maticek & Ziegler, Forsch Komplementarmed 2006; 13 (5): 285-292. Immune Modulation Using Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extracts Iscador, Büssing, Arzneimittelforschung 2006; 56 (6A): 508-515. Anti-proliferative Effects of Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extract in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Cell Lines, Urech, Buessing, Thalmann, et al., Anticancer Res. 2006; 26 (4B): 3049-3055. Mistletoe for Cancer? A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials, Ernst, Schmidt & Steuer-Vogt, Int. J. Cancer 2003; 107 (2): 262-267. Complementary Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review of Prospective Clinical Trials on Anthroposophic Mistletoe Extracts, Kienle & Kiene, Eur. J. Med. Res. 2007; 12 (3): 103-119 Mistletoe Therapy in Oncology, Horneber, Bueschel, Huber R, et al.,Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008; (2): CD003297. Survival of Cancer Patients Treated with Mistletoe Extract (Iscador): A Systematic Literature Review, Ostermann, Raak & Bussing, BMC Cancer 2009; 9 (1): 451. Viscum album L. Extracts in Breast and Gynaecological Cancers: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Research, Kienle, Glockmann, Schink & Kiene, J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2009; 28: 79. Systematic Evaluation of the Clinical Effects of Supportive Mistletoe Treatment within Chemo-and/or Radiotherapy Protocols and long-Term Mistletoe Application in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: Multicenter, Controlled, Observational Cohort Study, Friedel, Matthes, Bock & Zanker, J. Soc. Integr. Oncol. 2009; 7 (4): 137-145. Influence of Viscum album L. (European Mistletoe) Extracts on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Studies, Kienle & Kienle, Integr. Cancer Ther. 2010; 9 (2): 142-157. Viscum Album Extracts Iscador® P and Iscador® M Counteract the Growth Factor Induced Effects in Human Follicular B – NHL Cells and Breast Cancer Cells, Hugo, Schwitalla, Niggemann, et al., Medicina 2007; 67 (Suppl. II): 90-96.